On June 20, 1895, the Taiwan Hospital ( Taiwan byoin/ T'ai-wan bing-yuan), and in 1899, the Taiwan Viceroy's Medical School (Taiwan sotokufu igakko/ T'ai-wan tsong-tu-fu i-hsue-hsao) were established in Taipei. By 1919, many five-year boy's middle schools and girl's middle schools, and vocational schools had been established.

Generally speaking, school systems in Taiwan were segregated for Taiwanese and Japanese. Schools for Japanese were similar to that in the Japan proper, so that they were able to continue higher education in Japan. Schools for Taiwanese were for the purpose of training laborers , minor officials, and backbone technicians of modern industries, and thus incompatible with the systems in Japan. Japanese was not willing to educate Taiwanese more than necessary because they knew that educating colonial people was like a sword with multi-sided blades.

Under colonial rule (1895-1945):Taiwanese New Literature

1895
Taiwan was ceded to Japan by the Ching Empire after the Sino-Japanese war in 1894, and became a Japanese colony.

1895 - 1915
Period of armed resistance by Taiwanese people against the Japanese ruler.

1915
Se-rai-an Incident marked the end of the armed resistance period. The Japanese ruler established a stable colonial system. Realizing the futility of the often brutally suppressed armed revolts, Taiwanese people gradually turned to the legal political movement.

1918 -1919
International developments exerted great effects on Taiwanese students studying abroad. President Woodrow Wilson of the United States stressed the self determination of peoples at the post-World War I Peace Conference; Russian and Chinese revolutions that overthrew the imperialism and feudalism; May Fourth Movement of 1919 led to literary revolution on the Chinese mainland.

The Japanese ruler on Taiwan adopted an assimilation policy (naichi encho shugi/nei-ti yen-ch'ang chu-yi), modifying her heretofore high-handed police control and differential treatment of the Taiwanese people to a more enlightened civil governance.