First generation of Taiwanese youth educated under new Japanese systems came of age. Some continued their studies in Japan. It began in 1901 and the number reached over 2,400 persons by 1922. They became knowledgeable with modern world affairs. The contact with the Japanese population and culture improved their language skills. Many became fluent in Japanese writing.

1920
Taiwanese New Culture movement (Taiwan sin bunka undo/T'ai-wan hsin wen-hua yun-tung) began with the formation of the New People Association (sin minkai/hsin-min hui), followed by a student-based Taiwanese Youth Association (Taiwan seinen kai/T'ai-wan ch'ing-nien hui). Both were established by some Taiwanese expatriates in Tokyo.

Taiwan Youth (Taiwan seinen/T'ai-wan ch'ing-nien), the first Taiwanese political journal, was published bilingually (Japanese and Chinese) by the two organizations to spread progressive ideas and to voice concerns about the current state of affairs in Taiwan. In the first two issues of the journal, articles on the topics of language reform and the need for contemporary Taiwanese literature to rejuvenate itself were published.

The journal was moved to Taiwan and renamed Youth (seinen/ch'ing-nien, monthly) in 1922; again renamed Taiwan People's Newspaper (Taiwan minpo/T'ai-wan min-pao, semi-monthly, in Chinese) in 1923; and subsequently changed to weekly. In 1930, it was again renamed Taiwan New People's Newspaper (Taiwan sinminpo/T'ai-wan hsin-min-pao), and converted to daily publication in 1932. During the war, the name was changed to Hsing-nan Newspaper (konan sinbun/hsing-nan hsin-wen), which continued to be published till the end of the war.

1921
Taiwanese Cultural Association (Taiwan bunka kyokai/T'ai-wan wen-hua hsieh-hui) was formed in Taipei on October 17, through the effort of Chiang Wei-sui, a physician, who became the general secretary, and Tsai Pei-ho, the secretary.

1921 - 1922
Communist Parties were formed in China and Japan.