They are the first generation Taiwanese writers of the post-War period. They had received Japanese education until the end of the War, before studying mandarin anew. They lived in the midst of White Terror, and must be careful not to fall into the Nationalist legal traps. The secret police system of Nationalist was almost perfected then, and animosities between Taiwanese and mainlander made the surveillance network even more efficient.

1956
Literary Journal (wen-hsueh zha-chi) was published.

1957-1958
Chung Chao-cheng published Literary Friend Communications (wen-you tung-shun) for the purpose of mutual encouragement among Taiwanese writers. It lasted for sixteen issues. Participants included Liao Ching-shou, Chung Li-ho, Ch'en Huo-chuan, Lee Jong-chun, Shih Chuei-feng, Hsu Ping-cheng (Wen-shing), Chung Chao-cheng, Hsu Shan-mu, Yang Tsu-chang, etc.. All had received Japanese education until the end of War. Only a few younger ones also received some Mandarin education. The majority had to teach themselves the mandarin language. They were the pioneers of the dislocated Taiwanese literature of the post-War period. Their mandarin writing skill eventually reached very high levels, and all took a clear position not to praise the ruling regime, nor to glorify anti-communism and war. The stands of their works make the manuscripts unwelcome to publishers. Chung Li-ho published so few works in his lifetime, even the prize-winning Li-shan Farm had difficulty finding a publisher.

Writers of this period also included Cheng Huan, Lin Chung-lung, Wu Cho-liu, Yeh Shih-tao, Ch'en Chien-wu, Chang Yen-shung, Lee Tu-gong, etc. Of writers from Japanese colonial period, Wu Cho-liu continued to write in Japanese, which was then translated into Mandarin for publication; Chang Wen-huang did not resume writing until mid-1970s, and completed his only long work, Man Crawling on the Ground(chi ni hau mono/gun-di lan) in Japanese. It was published in Japan, and translated into Mandarin by Liao Ching-shou in 1976. Chiou Yung-han escaped to Japan amidst the February 28 incident, and won prestigious literary Naoki Award. However, his standing in Taiwanese literature is not yet determined.

1960
Modern Literature (hsien-dai wen-hsueh) introduced western new sharp literary styles and cultivated many modernist (hsien-dai pai) writers.