The KMT policy of Mandarinization and the suppression of Taiwanese culture, which is described as cultural imperialism (Taiwan, a New History, edited by Murray A. Rubinstein p.390), was some of the causes of ethnic conflict between Taiwanese (pen-sheng jen) and mainlanders (wai-sheng jen). However, since the 1970s, the baby-boomer generation born on Taiwan after the war gradually reduced the conflict through mixed marriage, co-schooling, and co-working. In literature, same phenomena are observed. Unlike their parents, the post-war generation has less emotional ties to the mainland even with KMT indoctrination.