At this time, the Taiwanese Cultural Association (Taiwan bunka kyokai/T'ai-wan wen-hua hsieh-hui) became divided due to disagreement over resistance strategies between the nationalist right wing and the socialist left wing. The left wing took control of the association after split.

Members of the right wing formed theTaiwanese People's Party (Taiwan minsyuto/T'ai-wan min-tsung tang) to continue their struggle against the colonial rule. Yet the political climate was such that the new party still could not escape the control of left-leaning group. In 1931, both organizations were forced to be dissolved by the colonial government.

1928
Taiwanese Communist Party was formed in the French quarter in Shanghai with the help of Comintern in April, 1928. Although the organization was under Japanese Communist Party organization-wise, Taiwan Communist Party advocated Taiwan independence. Throughout its lifetime, the Party never went beyond the sphere of underground activities. All members were arrested in June, 1931.

1926 - 1930
Yeh Shi-tao defined this period of Taiwan literature as the first half of the "mature period", which followed the "cradle period" of 1920-1925. The cradle period produced mostly critiques and debates, and only a limited number of creative works, written mainly in Chinese.

1930 -1937
The second half of the "mature period" saw sudden burst in the literary publications. Not only the number of writers, but also the outstanding writings, increased substantially. The characteristic of this period was the increase in the number of writers and poets using Japanese language. New writers using Chinese language also appeared.

1931 - 1932 During the decade of 1920s, the Taiwanese society had begun to be structurally transformed and moved further away from China through the deepening Japanese colonization. This new reality led Taiwanese intellectuals to engage in two literary debates: the Nativist Literary Debate (kyodo bungaku lonsen/hsiang-t'u wen-hsueh lun-chan) and the Taiwanese Language Debate (Taiwan gobun lonsen/T'ai-wan hua wen lun-chan).